Strategies for building robust prediction models using data unavailable at prediction time [journal]
Journal
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association - November 19, 2021
Authors
Haoyu Yang (Ph.D. student), Roshan Tourani, Ying Zhu, Vipin Kumar (professor), Genevieve B Melton, Michael Steinbach (researcher), Gyorgy Simon
Abstract
Objective
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital length of stay. Risk prediction models based on pre- and intraoperative data have been proposed to assess the risk of HAIs at the end of the surgery, but the performance of these models lag behind HAI detection models based on postoperative data. Postoperative data are more predictive than pre- or interoperative data since it is closer to the outcomes in time, but it is unavailable when the risk models are applied (end of surgery). The objective is to study whether such data, which is temporally unavailable at prediction time (TUP) (and thus cannot directly enter the model), can be used to improve the performance of the risk model.
Materials and Methods
An extensive array of 12 methods based on logistic/linear regression and deep learning were used to incorporate the TUP data using a variety of intermediate representations of the data. Due to the hierarchical structure of different HAI outcomes, a comparison of single and multi-task learning frameworks is also presented.
Results and Discussion
The use of TUP data was always advantageous as baseline methods, which cannot utilize TUP data, never achieved the top performance. The relative performances of the different models vary across the different outcomes. Regarding the intermediate representation, we found that its complexity was key and that incorporating label information was helpful.
Conclusions
Using TUP data significantly helped predictive performance irrespective of the model complexity.
Link to full paper
Strategies for building robust prediction models using data unavailable at prediction time
Keywords
machine learning, predictive modeling, artificial intelligence